Light Emitting (LEDs), diode, "semiconductors that light up when [positive polarity] to throw zapped with electricity," [1] light industry are on the verge of taking over the commercial and consumer sectors. With greater efficiency, longer useful lives, and their "clean" nature, the future of LED lighting, traditional incandescent and fluorescent bulbs are pushing to extinction. Only high production costs for LEDs has increased the survival of traditional bulbs.

History

History of traditional bulbs, LEDs produce high costs associated with the view is not an insurmountable obstacle to overcome. The main source of light as incandescent bulbs, "candles, oil lanterns and gas lamps" supplanting nearly 70 years before lingered. [2] when the first crude oil in 1809 incandescent bulb Humphrey Davy, an English chemist, was created by using two charcoal strips for light output, making it impractical. Later, when the first true incandescent bulb was created in 1820 by Warren De La Rue, using a platinum filament to produce light, it was too expensive for commercial use. Only when Thomas Edison carbonized filament in an incandescent bulb, use a vacuum in 1879, made incandescent bulbs is practical and affordable for consumer use.

Although considered relatively novel, the concept of LEDs first arose in 1907 when Henry Joseph Round silicon carbide (sic) use a piece of a dim, yellow glitter. This in Germany by Bernhard Gudden and Robert Wichard Pohl experiments conducted during late 1920 in which they were "phosphor zinc sulfide (ZnS) materials made from copper (Cu) with [treatment]" dim light output [3 followed was. ] However, during this time, a major obstacle to many of these early LEDs can not function efficiently at room temperature has existed. Instead, they do for optimal performance liquid nitrogen (N) needs to be submerged.

1950 Zinc sulfide (ZnS) is an alternative to building an LED that invisible, infrared light produced at room temperature as gallium arsenide (GaAs) used in the British and Americans led to the experiments. These LEDs immediately photoelectric, used in sensing applications found. The first "visible spectrum" LED, producing "red" light in 1962, Nick Holonyak, Jr. General Electric Company that gallium arsenide (GaAs) instead of gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) used the (1928 b) was made. Once in existence, they quickly adopted for use as indicator lights.

Long before the red LED light and even the bright orange electroluminescence when gallium phosphide (GAP) used substrates were built. By mid-1970, gallium Phoshide (GAP) as well as dual-gallium phosphide (GAP) were going to the red of substrates, used to produce green, and yellow with light. calculators, digital watches and test equipment as "more practical applications [LED use] to" extend the trend since the beginning of these colors, it is true that addressing the "human eye of the yellow green Lighting is responsible for. " [4]

However, rapid development of LED industry in the 1980s when Gallium Aluminium Arsenides (GaAIAs) were developed did not begin until, "superbright" LEDs provide (currently in use bright LEDs 10x) - " the first time in red, yellow and green again ... which provides energy saving less voltage is required. [5] this concept in 1984, the first LED flashlight, LED.

Laser diode technology, which produces light in parallel with increasing emphasis on emerging Again, "ultrabright" LEDs, indium gallium aluminum phosphide in the 1990s was created through the use of (InGaAIP) Toshiba's built a LED led in part "to generate 90% or more reflected light ..." In addition, it was found that during the period, including various color, "white (although a" true "white light only recently in the organic (through the use of LED was produced in the UK Cambridge Display Technology, by) OLED) Aluminium gallium indium phosphide through the (InGaAIP) used was "energy band gap size adjustment" can be produced Shuji Nakamura of Nichia Corporation in part because much of the work, which in 1993 developed the world's first blue [6] led today., the technology that Pink LEDs purple, and water "as well as real ultra-violet" black "light as a" foreign "paint emissions are produced [7].

A major milestone was reached in 1997 when it became cost effective to "high brightness" LEDs in production intensity (gain) over the associated costs to produce it.
In conjunction with this milestone, new technology is emerging is likely that further (and in lighting improvements) will reduce the cost of - the introduction of quantum dots or microscopic crystals ([8]

Advantages

The advantage of adopting LEDs for each application to provide the only source of light are important. LEDs virtually no heat (wasted energy) emit and "really are cool to the touch ..." Unlike incandescent light bulbs. They are also more durable (encased in a hard shell and resistant to vibration and shock) than the traditional incandescent and fluorescent bulbs (some can be used for 10 years) last up to 50 times longer, and They use "a large proportion of power flowing through them to consumers savings" translate. "According to the U.S. Department of Energy [9]," the widespread adoption of LEDs for lighting by 29% of electricity U.S. could cut consumption [10] since they require less energy to function and by their very nature, the air cool and comfortable areas to reduce the amount of conditioning required.

Size advantages of LEDs provides light than conventional bulbs. Unlike incandescent and fluorescent bulbs, LEDs use an external reflector to collect and direct their light is not required. Also, the "LED light very soon ... achiev full brightness in approximately 0.01 seconds [are] - 10 times faster." Traditional bulb [11]

No ultra-violet LEDs, unlike conventional bulbs can damage the clothes production, production, they light weight, are eco-friendly, and (without the use of color filters), different colors, the amount of power to each primary provided for by production can ensure that power is useless color. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Nano Structures Lab) current research to build a "lead where both color and intensity (brightness) could lead to electronic can be set is organized.


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